![]() When the fieldwork on Peleliu begins, archaeologists will visit the locations of known KOCOA features at the invasion beaches to document any structure or artifacts present.įollowing the fieldwork, the team will begin analyzing the documented sites and their relationships. While analyzing primary and secondary sources, researchers have been recording any significant terrain features and have assigned them to a corresponding attribute category. KOCOA is an acronym used to categorize terrain features identified in primary battle accounts into Key terrain, Observation and fields of fire, Cover and concealment, Obstacles, and Avenues of approach/withdrawal. To understand (and work through) these discrepancies, the team will be using KOCOA military terrain analysis. As the project aims to reconstruct the events of the marine landing from firsthand experiences, it can be difficult to understand the larger scope of the battle when personal statements are vague, contradictory, or even missing information. Furthermore, as some of these interviews were conducted decades after the battle, details can be lost or fuzzy. ![]() While informative, these firsthand accounts can be narrow in focus due to the high stress and tension of warfare. Many of the narratives collected so far offer insight into individuals’ experiences during the battle. KOCOA’s Role in Military Terrain Analysis For this project, the team has been collecting reports and statements from marines, sailors, and aviators to understand significant marine and terrestrial terrain features which aided in the initial amphibious assault. Yet, for those stationed in the waters surrounding the island, there has been little research addressing their experiences. Many of these terrestrial terrain features have been well documented by archaeologists, leading to an in-depth understanding of the battle on the ground. The physical landscape-from the cave systems to ridgelines-played a vital role in the movement of troops and resources across the island. Download larger version (jpg, 530 KB).Īt Peleliu, both Japanese and American forces relied on the island’s terrain in their decision making. Source: National Archives Photograph 80-G-59497. Pre-invasion bombardment contributed to the confusion and chaos of the battle in firsthand accounts. ![]() Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibilityĭ-Day Landing on the invasion beaches by American forces.Select your new wallpaper to enter Preview mode.Tap the type of wallpaper you would like to use.You can choose from Apple's stock imagery, or your own library. Launch the Settings app from your iPhone or iPad Home screen.Choose whether you want to set the wallpaper for your Home screen, Lock screen or both Home and lock.Adjust the positioning and size and then tap Set as wallpaper on the upper left corner of your screen.Choose from the collections of wallpapers included with your phone, or from your photos.Tap the wallpapers icon on the bottom left of your screen.If you don't see Set Desktop Picture in the shortcut menu, you should see a sub-menu named Services instead. If you're using multiple displays, this changes the wallpaper of your primary display only. For Mac OS Xįrom a Finder window or your desktop, locate the image file that you want to use.Ĭontrol-click (or right-click) the file, then choose Set Desktop Picture from the shortcut menu. Right-click on an empty area on the desktop, select "Properties" in the context menu, select the "Desktop" tabĪnd select an image from the ones listed in the scroll window. (the "Browse" buttons or select an image in the viewer). Right-click on the desktop, select "Personalization", click on "Desktop Background" and select the menu you want To select another image stored on your PC, select “Image” In any case, you will find yourself in the same place. ![]() You can select “Personalization” in the context menu.
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